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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a well-known neurobiological disorder that affects 4.4 percent of the population. It is associated with high rates of comorbidity. This includes anxiety, depression and addiction to drugs, and significant social, emotional and occupational impairments. Both psychotherapy and medication are effective treatments for adults with ADHD. The most frequently prescribed drugs are stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine. Medications Many adults suffering from ADHD experience significant improvements in their symptoms and performance due to medication. It is important that people suffering from ADHD find the combination of medications that works for them. Adults suffering from ADHD are prescribed stimulants like amphetamines or methylphenidate. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid form, and can be taken as frequently as every three to four hours. Adults can augment an immediate-release medicine with an extended-release long-acting medicine at least every week to decrease the necessity to take it often throughout the day. Adults suffering from ADHD can also be treated effectively with antidepressants, such as desipramine. This class of drugs may be utilized in conjunction with stimulants or in isolation to boost their effects. However, they can increase the risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects like a rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists like alprazolam as well as clonidine are utilized to treat adults suffering from ADHD. These medications were initially created to treat hypertension. They have a calming affect and can improve focus, and reduce hyperactivity and impulse control in some adults. These medications can lead to very low blood pressure when they are abruptly stopped or the dosage is reduced. Adults with ADHD can also benefit from psychotherapy. Individual therapy can help those with ADHD overcome feelings of shame, embarrassment, and resentment toward coworkers, supervisors, teachers, and family members that might nitpick or criticize them. In addition counseling for families and marriages can help couples suffering from ADHD to understand each other's issues and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy One of the main goals of psychosocial therapy for adults ADHD is to help people learn strategies and skills that help improve functioning in daily life. Psychotherapy can also assist people who suffer from ADHD overcome their low self-esteem and feelings of inadequacy that can be a result of this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps people change the negative thoughts that cause problems in their lives. It also helps to develop new ways of thinking and feeling, as well as doing. This short-term and goal-oriented psychotherapy has been shown to be effective in treating a variety of illnesses, such as depression and anxiety. It can be used in conjunction with other treatments or by itself. CBT can include group therapy. This is especially beneficial for those suffering from ADHD as it allows them to meet others who have similar struggles and discover how they deal with their ADHD symptoms. It can be provided in person or via the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to the standard treatment for adults who have ADHD. Both treatments improved self-report measures such as symptoms, functioning and quality of life. CBT has been compared to other psychosocial treatments in adults suffering from ADHD. All of these studies have shown significant reductions in ADHD symptoms, with effect sizes ranging from medium to large. These improvements were linked to diverse approaches that include cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skills training, problem-solving exercises and mindfulness meditation. It is important to compare the effectiveness of various treatment options for adults with ADHD with caution. It is likely that variations in the outcomes are due to a variety of variables that include treatment characteristics, measures employed and the background of the patient. A few studies have looked into the effectiveness of neurofeedback. This method involves wearing an electrode-lined hat while performing cognitive tasks to pinpoint brain areas in which there is excessive or insufficient activity. The person then learns to control these patterns. Counseling Many people who suffer from ADHD have mood or anxiety disorders that require treatment. Counseling can help address these issues, which may contribute to ADHD symptoms. adhd in adults untreated include interpersonal therapy to improve the capacity of individuals to establish meaningful relationships and resolve conflicts. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help people manage self-destructive, impulsive and negative behaviors that can create problems at school or work. In certain cases, psychotherapy can be used in conjunction with medication for adults who are seeking treatment for adhd. Patients with co-occurring disorders like substance abuse, depression, and bipolar disorder should be evaluated to ensure that their symptoms aren't aggravated by medications used to treat ADHD. People who suffer from certain medical issues, including thyroid disorders, lead poisoning, and seizures in the past, need to be treated with more vigor because they are at higher risk of developing complications from the medication. Outpatient intensive programs may be recommended if the person's ADHD is such that it interferes with their daily functioning and quality of life. These programs provide an organized treatment that is more intense than the traditional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which is a type of cognitive therapy, helps adults with ADHD to improve their ability to manage time planning, impulse control and executive function. It helps them recognize and express emotions and uses activities and worksheets to make the lessons interesting. The training in mindfulness meditation enhances CBT and improves the ability of a person to focus and regulate emotions. It enhances the capacity of a person to tolerate stress and arousal. It can help them deal with sadness, anger and other difficult emotions which could be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults suffering from ADHD experience difficulties at work and at home. In addition to impacting work performance, these conditions can cause problems with relationships and could cause financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues will allow you improve your self-esteem and resolve underlying problems. It will also help you develop healthy ways of coping. Cognitive-behavioral treatment is an effective treatment for adults suffering from ADHD because it helps them change their negative attitudes and behaviours. It is focused on teaching you how to use strategies for managing time and overcoming thinking distortions that contribute to negative moods and a perception of limited choices. Many adults with ADHD also have comorbid anxiety or depression. These psychiatric disorders can exacerbate or diminish the effectiveness of some drugs used to treat ADHD. Therefore, it is recommended that you treat the most severe comorbidity first and observe the response to treatment before proceeding to treatment of the other condition. Occupational therapy can help you manage your life and work and establish routines that are predictable to manage your time and money and create confidence in yourself. It can help you learn techniques for relaxation that can reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Similarly yoga and other exercises can aid in improving your focus by stabilizing your body in different postures. Marriage and family counseling can help adults with ADHD to resolve the issues they cause their spouses, kids and others. adhd symptoms adults treatment complain that they are insecure, unorganized, and often prone to making impulsive choices. Therapy and classes in which spouses and other family members are taught about ADHD can help you build more harmonious relationships. Additionally, it can aid you and your loved ones to understand that these issues are linked to the patient's ADHD instead of the lack of compassion or a willful refusal to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a highly common neurobiological disorder. It is often accompanied by other disorders that are comorbid, such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. Psychosocial and medication interventions are available as treatment options. There are a range of medication options for adults suffering from ADHD. Some of these medications have been evaluated in trials. These studies have revealed the strengths and the limitations of the medications. Adults who suffer from ADHD experience the same symptoms as children, but it isn't always easy to identify them since the symptoms of childhood may not persist throughout adulthood. Adults suffering from ADHD may also not have a family history of the disorder, or may not be aware of symptoms. A thorough medical history is essential to help determine whether the symptoms are due to a medical condition such as a thyroid problem or sleep apnea, issues with vision and hearing or lead poisoning. Adults suffering from ADHD are treated with stimulants or nonstimulants. Stimulants are the most effective medication to treat adults suffering from ADHD and their response rates are in the 70%-80 percent range. Amphetamine as well as methylphenidate are the most frequently prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate can also be administered via a transdermal system. This permits continuous medication delivery during the daytime. Adults with ADHD can take non-stimulant drugs that are based on norepinephrine, or dopamine. Desipramine, which is the most researched tricyclic, has been proven to work in adult ADHD patients. It is a low dose drug and is recommended to increase the dose by 50 mg every 7 days until the desired response is observed. Bupropion XL is another antidepressant that has been shown to be effective in adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist and works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine in the presynaptic receptor, thereby increasing its presence in the brain. This drug has been found to improve mood and decrease hyperactivity in adults. However, it is not as effective as stimulants in improving concentration or cognitive function.